IVF
Hormonal stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilisation and embryo transfer — combined into one carefully monitored cycle.
In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) describes the process and techniques used in fertility treatment: hormonal stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilisation and embryo transfer.
The process does not have to involve vitrification and is centred on assisting fertilisation.
Overview
A cycle is typically carried out over 2–4 weeks. Ovaries are stimulated with hormonal injections to boost egg production and maturity, monitored by blood tests and transvaginal ultrasound. Once ready, eggs are retrieved via an outpatient procedure. Sperm is collected on the same day and prepared for fertilisation.
Mature eggs are fertilised with sperm via standard insemination ('Traditional IVF') or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Fertilised eggs are cultured in an incubator to develop into blastocysts, which may be ready for genetic testing and/or transfer.
Embryos are screened. A biopsy may be conducted to check for chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. In some countries the sex of embryos can be identified at this stage. If Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is performed, embryos are frozen in nitrogen while awaiting results (typically one to two weeks).
A fresh embryo transfer is conducted around five days after fertilisation. For a frozen transfer, the body is prepared for implantation and it may take a further six weeks for the transfer to happen.
Reference process and timeline
Many factors influence timing. The reference timeline below is typical, but may vary for individuals.