Vaginal infections and fertility

Bacterial vaginosis (an imbalance of normal vaginal bacteria) and candidiasis (a yeast/fungal infection, commonly called a vaginal thrush infection) are very common and usually cause itching, discharge, or odour rather than being sexually transmitted infections in the strict sense. On their own, they are not typically direct causes of tubal-factor infertility. However, recurrent or untreated bacterial vaginosis has been linked in research to a higher risk of ascending pelvic infection and possible effects on implantation, and both conditions are worth treating for comfort, for accuracy of other tests (such as vaginal swabs before a procedure), and before starting IUI, IVF or embryo transfer. Diagnosis is by clinical examination and vaginal swab, and treatment is with appropriate antifungal or antibacterial medicines prescribed after assessment, not self-medication.

Also known as: bacterial vaginosis, BV, candidiasis, vaginal thrush, yeast infection

Last reviewed: 9 September 2026. Written by the Antega Editorial Team. General information only — always follow the advice of your own clinic, doctor or pharmacist.