Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is when the ovaries stop working normally before the age of 40, leading to irregular or absent periods and reduced fertility. It differs from natural menopause mainly by the age at which it occurs, and in some women ovarian function can fluctuate rather than stop completely. Causes include genetic conditions, autoimmune disease, previous ovarian surgery, or cancer treatment, though often no clear cause is found. POI is diagnosed through symptoms along with hormone tests such as FSH and oestradiol repeated over time. Fertility options may include donor egg IVF, and some women benefit from hormone therapy for bone and cardiovascular health, guided by a specialist.
Also known as: POI, premature menopause
Related India guides
Sources
- ICMR Standard Treatment Workflows (icmr.gov.in/standard-treatment-workflows-stws)
- Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (fogsi.org)
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (eshre.eu)
Last reviewed: 9 September 2026. Written by the Antega Editorial Team. General information only — always follow the advice of your own clinic, doctor or pharmacist.