Beta-thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by changes in the beta-globin gene that affect the body's ability to make normal haemoglobin. A person with beta-thalassaemia trait (also called beta-thalassaemia minor) carries one altered copy of the gene and is usually healthy, sometimes with mild anaemia, while beta-thalassaemia major, from two altered copies, causes severe anaemia requiring lifelong management including regular blood transfusions. Beta-thalassaemia trait is relatively common across many Indian states and communities, which is why premarital and preconception carrier screening is widely encouraged, particularly where both partners may carry the trait. If both partners in a couple are carriers, there is a chance with each pregnancy of a child having beta-thalassaemia major; genetic counselling can explain this chance and the reproductive options available, which may include prenatal testing or, in some situations, PGT-M during IVF.
Also known as: thalassaemia trait, thalassaemia major, thalassemia, beta thalassemia minor
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Sources
- Indian Council of Medical Research (icmr.gov.in)
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (mohfw.gov.in)
- Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (fogsi.org)
Last reviewed: 9 September 2026. Written by the Antega Editorial Team. General information only — always follow the advice of your own clinic, doctor or pharmacist.