Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited condition caused by changes in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome, leading to progressive muscle weakness that typically becomes apparent in early childhood and affects mobility, breathing and heart function over time. Because it is X-linked, Duchenne muscular dystrophy predominantly affects boys, while female carriers are usually unaffected or have milder features, and can pass the altered gene to their children. Families with a child or relative affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or a known female carrier, can be referred for genetic counselling to discuss carrier testing for other family members and reproductive options for future pregnancies, which may include prenatal testing or, in some situations, PGT-M during IVF once the familial genetic variant is known.

Also known as: DMD, muscular dystrophy

Last reviewed: 9 September 2026. Written by the Antega Editorial Team. General information only — always follow the advice of your own clinic, doctor or pharmacist.