Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited condition, usually caused by changes in the SMN1 gene, that leads to progressive weakness and wasting of muscles used for movement, breathing and swallowing; severity varies widely depending on the specific genetic subtype. SMA is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning a child is typically affected only when both parents are carriers and each passes on an altered copy. Carrier screening for SMA is increasingly offered as part of preconception or early pregnancy genetic screening panels in India, since carriers themselves are usually unaffected and would otherwise not know their status. If a couple is identified as both carrying SMA, genetic counselling can explain the chance of an affected child and outline reproductive options, which may include prenatal testing or, in some circumstances, PGT-M during IVF.

Also known as: SMA, SMN1-related SMA

Last reviewed: 9 September 2026. Written by the Antega Editorial Team. General information only — always follow the advice of your own clinic, doctor or pharmacist.