Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland, meaning it produces less thyroid hormone than the body needs. It is diagnosed with a blood test measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), sometimes alongside free thyroxine. Untreated hypothyroidism can disrupt ovulation, cause menstrual irregularity, raise prolactin, and is linked to higher miscarriage risk. Hypothyroidism is generally treated with thyroid hormone replacement under medical supervision, with dose adjusted using blood tests; treatment before and during pregnancy needs closer monitoring, and Indian fertility guidance recommends screening thyroid function as part of a standard infertility work-up.
Also known as: underactive thyroid, low thyroid
Related India guides
Sources
- ICMR Standard Treatment Workflows (icmr.gov.in/standard-treatment-workflows-stws)
- Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (fogsi.org)
Last reviewed: 9 September 2026. Written by the Antega Editorial Team. General information only — always follow the advice of your own clinic, doctor or pharmacist.